Multi-plate clutch

A clutch that includes more than three discs is called multi-disc. An increase in the number of discs increases the contact surface area and the corresponding frictional force, which allows the transmission of more torque. This quality of a multi-plate clutch determines its application on powerful cars (sports, tuning), trucks, construction vehicles.

On the other hand, the package of discs can significantly reduce the overall dimensions of the clutch. That is why the multi-plate clutch is used on two-wheeled vehicles (motorcycles, scooters).

The constructive basis of the multi-plate clutch is a package of disks, including alternating steel and friction disks. The number of discs depends on the amount of transmitted torque.

Friction discs are friction-coated steel discs. Durable plastic discs can be used as friction discs. Each friction disk has an internal gear rim, with which it is attached to the hub of the input shaft of the gearbox. Slots are made on the hub along which the disks can move.

Steel disks have external gear rims with which they are fixed in the drum (clutch basket). The drum also has slots for moving discs. The drum is rigidly connected to the flywheel.

Multi-plate clutch permanently closed. The position of the disks in the closed state is supported by the spring. The clutch is opened by moving the hub and overcoming the spring force.

A multi-plate clutch can be dry or wet type. A wet clutch is partially filled with oil, which provides a smooth connection (separation) of the discs, heat removal from them, lubrication of the clutch structural elements, facilitated movement of the discs along the splines. With all its undeniable advantages, wet grip has a low coefficient of friction. This disadvantage is offset by increased pressure on the discs, the use of new friction materials.

The term ” clutch ” is traditionally understood as a device connecting the engine to the gearbox. At the same time, the multi-plate friction clutch is widely used in other car systems, including automatic transmission, robotic gearbox, differential, all-wheel-drive systems.

In an automatic transmission, multi-plate friction clutches supply torque to individual planetary gears (rows). The multi-plate clutch is used in a dual-clutch robotic gearbox, such as a six-speed DSG gearbox. A package of friction discs is used in the interaxle and inner wheel differential for its full or partial blocking.

The most widely multi-plate friction clutch is presented in various all-wheel-drive systems . In a permanent all-wheel-drive system, the clutch is mounted in a transfer case. The all-wheel-drive system, which is connected automatically, is completely built on a controlled friction clutch. The Haldex multi-plate clutch, known for Volkswagen and its 4Motion system, is responsible for automatically connecting the rear axle of a vehicle.

Multi-plate friction clutches have, as a rule, a hydraulic (less often electric) drive and electronic control.

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